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Hãy viết đoạn tóm tắt về nội dung bằng tiếng việt kích thích người mua: Will Maine Voters Choose to Take Over the State’s Two Largest Investor-Owned Utilities?

Voters in Maine are about to make a decision that will impact the state’s energy future for decades to come. 

On Nov. 7, Maine residents will vote on Ballot Question 3 —  a choice to replace their investor-owned electric utilities, Central Maine Power and Versant Power, with a publicly owned alternative called Pine Tree Power.

That might sound like boring politics with little impact for the average US person. It’s not. 

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The outcome of the vote will be the first of its kind and has big implications for the rates that Maine electric customers pay, how fast the state transitions to renewable energy sources and could set the stage for other states to follow suit. The ballot question has created a fiery debate, with even environmental nonprofits disagreeing on which option is better. 

“The consumer-owned utility model has uncertainty and change attached to it,” said Peter LaFond, senior policy advocate and Maine program director for the nonpartisan Acadia Center. 

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LaFond, who has not endorsed one side or the other, believes it’s more of “an indication that change is needed.” 

“Things need to be governed differently to move forward into a green energy future that both reduces energy costs and reduces the carbon footprint,” said LaFond. 

If Maine succeeds in creating a statewide public utility, it could spur similar ballot measures around the country. “It’s a great template and model for other states to replicate,” said Candice Fortin, the US campaigns manager for the climate activism group 350.org, which has endorsed the public option in Maine.

Opponents of the initiative, such as Maine’s governor, Janet Mills, have urged residents to vote against it, arguing that it “leaves our utilities in a dangerous state of limbo when we can least afford it.”

Here’s how to make sense of what’s happening in Maine — and what it means for consumers.

What is a publicly owned utility?

Currently, the electric utilities in Maine are a lot like those in other states: They’re private companies whose motivation is to generate profit for investors (i.e. shareholders).

This model, although common, has drawn criticism recently from Mainers who are struggling to keep up with rising electricity rates. Residents also complain about poor customer service and lack of reliability, especially in a state where trees are often taking out power lines.

These issues came into sharper focus after both power companies were purchased by new parent companies — CMP by Avangrid, and Versant by Enmax. The perception is that the new owners are even less sensitive to Maine residents, and even more profit-driven. 

“That’s money that could be going to public funds in Maine,” said Fortin. 

A publicly owned utility would operate a lot differently. 

If voters approve it, Pine Tree Power would become the state’s new, consumer-owned electric company. In this model, there would be no profit motive, and it would be governed by an elected board that’s accountable to the state’s residents, according to Fortin. 

What the supporters of a public utility say 

The model that Pine Tree Power has proposed could translate to a number of benefits for consumers, Fortin said.

The most attractive change would be lower electricity rates, because the power company would no longer be generating profits to send to investors, and could therefore lower power bills.

“Rates going down is a pretty huge thing for some communities,” said Fortin, especially people feeling forced to choose between paying rent or utilities.

Advocates say that Pine Tree Power would also enable a faster transition to clean energy production in the state. If Mainers wanted to invest in solar or wind projects, for example, “there’s a pathway to start to advocate for that,” Fortin said. She contrasts that with the current system, in which, the environmental group Sierra Club says, CMP and Versant have “delayed and overcharged for clean energy projects.”

Although the utility would be publicly owned and controlled, “a private grid operator would be contracted through competitive solicitation and be required to retain the existing workforce,” according to the Natural Resources Council of Maine, which has endorsed Pine Tree Power.

What does the opposition say?

Not surprisingly, CMP and Versant are strongly opposed to the ballot initiative, and have spent more than $15 million lobbying against it, according to Maine Public.

One sticking point is the cost involved in switching utilities: Critics say it would cost $13.5 billion for Pine Tree Power (and therefore, taxpayers) to take over the investor-owned utilities; but others argue that the change would ultimately save residents $9 billion over 30 years.

CMP, via the political action committee Maine Affordable Energy, also says a publicly owned utility would put reliability at risk, and potentially subject power distribution to a political process rife with delays and lawsuits. 

Mills, Maine’s Democratic governor, opposes Pine Tree Power. “Question 3 is a hostile take-over of our utilities with eminent domain, we are guaranteed to go to court and to be tied up in litigation for years, if not decades,” Mills said in a radio address in September.

Have any other states done this?

There are actually already a handful of consumer-owned utilities in Maine. They’re small operations, serving only specific towns in a portion of the state. But some of them deliver significantly lower rates than CMP and Versant.

So far, there is no statewide example to mirror what Pine Tree Power is proposing — it would be a first for the nation. The closest comparison is Nebraska, which has relied entirely on consumer-owned power companies since 1946. The difference is that Nebraska doesn’t have one single publicly owned utility, but rather 166 community-owned utilities, according to the Bangor Daily News.

Advocates point to the fact that Nebraska has some of the lowest electricity prices in the nation, while Maine is currently the fifth most-expensive state for electricity, according to the US Energy Information Administration. (It’s worth noting: Nebraska relies heavily on coal for its electricity, while Pine Tree Power aims to rely primarily on renewable energy.)

What do I need to do as a consumer?

At the moment, there are limits to what consumers can do.

“There’s a lot of debates happening right now,” Fortin said. “Show up to those spaces. Ask those hard questions, and get answers in real time.” 

Of course, as election day rolls around, make a plan to vote, and be sure you’re registered to do so. “Get informed before you make a decision, because it is your utility company, it is your power,” Fortin said.

But the vote isn’t where this issue ends. Residents will still need to remain involved if they want their voice to be heard in the future of Maine’s energy decisions.

“Regardless of the outcome of the vote, things need to change,” LaFond said. “If we’re going to meet consumer, climate and energy goals, we have to move forward with a utility system that’s responsive to those.”

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